Excessive Oral Food/Beverage Intake:

Etiology:

• Harmful beliefs/attitudes about food, nutrition, and nutrition related topics
• Food and nutrition related knowledge deficit
• Lack of access to healthful food choices, eg healthful food choices not provided as an option by caregiver or parent, homeless
• Lack of value for behavior change, competing values
• Inability to limit or refuse offered foods
• Lack of food planning, purchasing, and preparation skills
• Loss of appetite awareness
• Medications that increase appetite, eg steroids, antidepressants
• Unwilling or uninterested in reducing intake

S/S:

• Variable high blood glucose levels
• Abnormal Hgb A1C
• Resting RMR measurement reflecting excess intake, eg respiratory quotient >1
• Weight gain not attributed to fluid retention or normal growth
• Evidence of acanthosis nigricans
• Reports or observations or:
• Intake of high caloric-density foods/beverages (juice, soda, or alcohol) at meals/snacks
• Intake of large portions of foods/beverages, food groups, or specific food items
• Intake that exceeds estimated or measured energy needs
• Highly variable daily energy intake
• Binge eating patterns
• Frequent, excessive fast food or restaurant intake
• Conditions associated with a diagnosis or treatment of, eg obesity, overweight, or metabolic syndrome, depression, anxiety disorder