Etiology:

• Physiological causes, eg improvement in patient/client status, allowing to return to total or partial oral diet, change in the course of disease resulting in changes in nutrient requirements
• Product of knowledge deficit on the part of the caregiver or clinician
• End of life care if patient/client or family do not desire nutrition support

S/S:

• Abnormal LFTs in pt/client on long term (>3-6 weeks) feeding
• Abnormal levels of markers specific for various nutrients, eg hyperphosphatemia in patient or client receiving feedings with a high phosphorus content; hypokalemia in patient/client receiving feedings with low potassium content
• Weight gain in excess of lean tissue accretion
• Weight loss
• Edema with excess fluid administration
• Loss of subcutaneous fat and muscle stores
• Reports or observations of:
• Documented intake from enteral or parenteral nutrients that is consistently more or less than recommended intake for carbohydrate, protein, and fat – especially related to the patient/client’s ability to consume an oral diet that meets needs at this point in time
• Documented intake of other nutrients that is consistently more or less than recommended
• N/V/D, high gastric residual volume
• History of enteral or parenteral nutrition intolerance
• Complications such as fatty liver in the absence of other causes